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Shot noise in Aharonov-Bohm interferometer based on helical edge states
Russian version
Niyazov R. A. 1,2, Krainov I. V.1, Aristov D. N.1,2,3, Kachorovskii V. Y.1
1Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
2Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - PNPI), Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, Russia
3St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Email: niyazov_ra@pnpi.nrcki.ru
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Shot noise in Aharoanov-Bohm interferometers formed by helical edge states of two-dimensional topological insulators has been investigated. The study demonstrates that noise measurements provide unique opportunities for studying the breakdown of topological protection. Unlike conventional interferometers, where interference occurs in the ballistic regime, the manifestation of interference effects in helical systems requires the presence of defects leading to backscattering. A key finding is that the Fano factor exhibits oscillations with a magnetic flux period of Δphi =1/2, where the oscillation amplitude is directly proportional to the backscattering strength. Furthermore, it is shown that simultaneous measurement of conductance and noise enables direct determination of the backscattering probability without detailed knowledge of contact properties. This provides a crucial experimental tool for identifying and quantifying the mechanisms responsible for the breakdown of topological protection in real materials. The results are particularly relevant for recent experiments with quantum point contacts on helical edge states and propose a noise spectroscopy method for characterizing topological phases. We also compare our results with the case of a conventional spinless single-channel interferometer. Keywords: Helical edge states, Topological insulators, Shot noise, Aharonov-Bohm effect, Topological protection.
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