The influence of the cathode field enhancer on the conditions for the transition of electrons to the runaway mode
Zubarev N. M.
1,2, Zubareva O. V.
1, Yalandin M. I.
1,21Institute of Electrophysics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
2Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Email: nick@iep.uran.ru, olga@iep.uran.ru, yalandin@iep.uran.ru
The influence of field enhancers (pointed protrusions on the cathode) on the conditions for the transition of electrons emitted from them to the runaway mode in high-pressure gas is studied analytically. It is shown that the classical directly proportional dependence of the critical runaway field on pressure is replaced by the weaker root dependence in the presence of protrusions of sufficient height. A simple criterion for electron runaway, taking into account the field distortion near the enhancers, is formulated. The minimum height of the protrusions required for a noticeable reduction in the runaway threshold is determined depending on the gas pressure. Keywords: runaway electrons, subnanosecond gas breakdown, inhomogeneous electric field, field enhancers.
- C.T.R. Wilson. Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 37, 32D (1924)
- H. Dreicer. Phys. Rev., 115, 238 (1959). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.115.238
- A.V. Gurevich. Sov. Phys. JETP, 12, 904 (1960)
- Yu.L. Stankevich, V.G. Kalinin. Sov. Phys. Dokl., 12, 1042 (1968)
- G.A. Mesyats, Yu.I. Bychkov, V.V. Kremnev. Sov. Phys. Usp., 15, 282 (1972). DOI: 10.1070/PU1972v015n03ABEH004969
- V.V. Kremnev, Yu.A. Kurbatov. Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 17,626 (1972)
- L.V. Tarasova, L.N. Khudyakova, T.V. Loiko, V.A. Tsukerman. Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 19, 351 (1974)
- P.A. Bokhan, G.V. Kolbychev. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 6, 418 (1980)
- V.F. Tarasenko, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov, M.I. Yalandin, V.M. Orlovskii, S.B. Alekseev. Tech. Phys. Lett., 29, 879 (2003). DOI: 10.1134/1.1631351
- L.P. Babich, T.V. Loiko, V.A. Tsukerman. Sov. Phys. Usp., 33 (7), 521 (1990). DOI: 10.1070/PU1990v033n07ABEH002606
- Yu.D. Korolev, G.A. Mesyats, Fizika impul'snogo proboya gazov (Nauka, M., 1991) (in Russian)
- G.A. Mesyats, M.I. Yalandin, A.G. Reutova, K.A. Sharypov, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov. Plasma Phys. Rep., 38, 29 (2012). DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X11110055
- V. Tarasenko. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 29, 034001 (2020). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab5c57
- L.P. Babich. High-Energy Phenomena in Electric Discharges in Dense Gases (Futurepast, Arlington, TX, USA, 2003)
- M.V. Erofeev, E.K. Baksht, V.F. Tarasenko, Y.V. Shut'ko. Tech. Phys., 58, 200 (2013). DOI: 10.1134/S1063784213020060
- T. Shao, V.F. Tarasenko, C. Zhang, E.K. Baksht, P. Yan, Y.V. Shut'ko. Laser Part. Beams, 30, 369 (2012). DOI: 10.1017/S0263034612000201
- N.M. Zubarev, M.I. Yalandin, G.A. Mesyats, S.A. Barengolts, A.G. Sadykova, K.A. Sharypov, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov, O.V. Zubareva. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 51, 284003 (2018). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aac90a
- D.V. Beloplotov, V.F. Tarasenko, D.A. Sorokin, V.A. Shklyaev. Tech. Phys., 66, 548 (2021). DOI: 10.1134/S1063784221040046
- G.A. Mesyats, M.I. Yalandin, N.M. Zubarev, A.G. Sadykova, K.A. Sharypov, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov, M.R. Ulmaskulov, O.V. Zubareva, A.V. Kozyrev, N.S. Semeniuk. Appl. Phys. Lett., 116, 063501 (2020). DOI: 10.1063/1.5143486
- V.F. Tarasenko, D.V. Beloplotov, D.A. Sorokin. Tech. Phys., 67 (5), 586 (2022). DOI: 10.21883/TP.2022.05.53674.317-21
- Yu.D. Korolev, G.A. Month. Avtoemissionnye i vzryvnye processy v gazovom razryade (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1982) (in Russian)
- A.V. Kozyrev, Yu.D. Korolev, G.A. Mesyats. Sov. Tech. Phys., 32, 34 (1987)
- S.N. Ivanov, V.V. Lisenkov. Plasma Phys. Rep., 49 (11), 1400 (2023). DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X23601517
- G.A. Mesyats. JETP Lett., 85, 109 (2007). DOI: 10.1134/S0021364007020038
- S.N. Ivanov, V.V. Lisenkov, Yu.I. Mamontov. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 30 (7), 075021 (2021). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/abf31f\
- A.V. Gurevich, K.P. Zybin. Phys. Usp., 44, 1119 (2001). DOI: 10.1070/PU2001v044n11ABEH000939
- N.M. Zubarev, O.V. Zubareva, M.I. Yalandin. Tech. Phys., 68 (9), 1204 (2023). DOI: 10.61011/TP.2023.09.57359.142-23
- N.M. Zubarev, O.V. Zubareva, M.I. Yalandin. Dokl. Phys., 68 (9), 279 (2023). DOI: 10.1134/S1028335823090070
- N.M. Zubarev, G.A. Mesyats, M.I. Yalandin. Phys. Usp., 67 (8), (2024). DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2023.11.039608
- A.M. Boichenko, A.G. Burachenko, I.D. Kostyrya, V.F. Tarasenko, A.N. Tkachev. Tech. Phys., 56 (8), 1202 (2011). DOI: 10.1134/S106378421108007X
- A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. Tech. Phys. Lett., 29, 683 (2003). DOI: 10.1134/1.1606788
- A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. JETP Lett., 77, 221 (2003). DOI: 10.1134/1.1574835
- A.V. Gurevich, G.A. Mesyats, K.P. Zybin, M.I. Yalandin, A.G. Reutova, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov. Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 085002 (2012). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.085002
- N.M. Zubarev, V.Yu. Kozhevnikov, A.V. Kozyrev, G.A. Mesyats, N.S. Semeniuk, K.A. Sharypov, S.A. Shunailov, M.I. Yalandin. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 29, 125008 (2020). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/abc414
- J.R. Dwyer, M.A. Uman. Phys. Rep., 534, 147 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2013.09.004
- V.V. Lisenkov, Yu.I. Mamontov. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1141, 012051 (1018). DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1141/1/012051
- V.V. Lisenkov, S.N. Ivanov, Yu.I. Mamontov, I.N. Tikhonov. Tech. Phys., 63, 1872 (2018). DOI: 10.1134/S1063784218120095
- Yu.I. Mamontov, V.V. Lisenkov, I.V. Uimanov. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1393, 012014 (1019). DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1393/1/012014
- L.N. Lobanov, G.A. Mesyats, E.A. Osipenko, K.A. Sharypov, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov, M.I. Yalandin, N.M. Zubarev. IEEE Electron Device Lett., 44, 1748 (2023). DOI: 10.1109/LED.2023.3301867
- H. Bethe. Ann. Phys., 397 (3), 325 (1930). DOI: 10.1002/andp.19303970303
- J.R. Dwyer, D.M. Smith, S.A. Cummer. Space Sci. Rev., 173, 133 (2012). DOI: 10.1007/s11214-012-9894-0
- E. Kunhardt, W. Byszewski. Phys. Rev. A, 21 (6), 2069 (1980). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.21.2069
- N.M. Zubarev, G.A. Mesyats, M.I. Yalandin. JETP Lett., 105 (8), 537 (2017). DOI: 10.1134/S002136401708015X
- G.I. Taylor. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 280 (1382), 383 (1964). DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1964.0151
- G.A. Mesyats. Phys. Usp., 49, 1045 (2006). DOI: 10.1070/PU2006v049n10ABEH006118
- V.V. Lisenkov, S.N. Ivanov, Yu.I. Mamontov, I.N. Tikhonov. Izvestiya vuzov. Fiz., 61 (9/2), 180 (2018) (in Russian)
- S.N. Ivanov. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, 285201 (2013). DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/46/28/285201
- N.M. Zubarev, G.A. Mesyats. JETP Lett., 113 (4), 259 (2021). DOI: 10.1134/S0021364021040123
- V.V. Lisenkov. Tech. Phys., 65, 710 (2020). DOI: 10.1134/S106378422005014X
- L.P. Babich. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 48 (12), 4089 (2020). DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2020.3038247
- L.P. Babich. Phys. Usp., 63, 1188 (2020). DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.04.038747