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Home » Technical Physics » Year 2026, issue 5 » Article p. 902
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Laser-induced dry electrodes based on carbon nanotubes and graphene for ECG monitoring
Russian version
Kuksin A. V. 1, Morozova A. S.1, Vasilevskaya Yu. O.2, Gerasimenko A. Yu.1,3
1 Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University “Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology”, Moscow, Zelenograd, Russia
2Research and Production Complex “Technological Center” MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia
3Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Email: artemkuks1n@yandex.ru, gerasimenko@bms.zone
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Dry electrodes for long-term ECG monitoring have been developed based on composites of hybrid nanostructures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) flakes in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, formed by laser processing. A method for forming a liquid dispersion for uniform homogenization of carbon nanomaterials within the composite has been developed. Exposure of the composite to laser radiation with a wavelength in the near-infrared range and an intensity of 15 kW/cm2 has been found to result in a 13-fold decrease in resistance to (8±2) kΩ due to the formation of hybrid SWCNT/RGO nanostructures. The formation of conductive networks in the PDMS matrix has been shown to increase the defect density due to the formation of bonds between the carbon nanomaterials. A study of the effect of mechanical pressure on the impedance of the formed electrodes showed that increasing pressure (0-12 kPa) leads to a decrease in impedance across the entire frequency range of 10-500 Hz. Electrodes based on the PDMS/SWCNT/RGO composite demonstrated high impedance-frequency stability in the same frequency range during prolonged contact (7 days) with a suspension simulating human sweat, compared to traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes. Furthermore, the high stability of the PDMS/SWCNT/RGO composite electrodes was confirmed by 7 day recording of impedance changes during their skin placement. ECG measurements revealed that the signal quality recorded by the PDMS/SWCNT/RGO composite electrodes was comparable to the signal from the Ag/AgCl electrodes, with the amplitudes of the main peaks being more pronounced. The biocompatibility of PDMS/SWCNT/RGO composite electrodes was demonstrated in studies of the viability of connective tissue cells on their surface. Therefore, the developed PDMS/SWCNT/RGO composite electrodes are suitable for use in wearable devices, including for continuous ECG monitoring for at least 7 days. The absence of a gel layer in dry PDMS/SWCNT/RGO composite electrodes offers an advantage over commercially available alternatives for long-term ECG monitoring. Keywords: carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, hybrid nanostructures, laser processing, electrodes, electrocardiogram, polydimethylsiloxane, cells.
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