Probability of absorption and emission by an atom interacting with ultrashort laser pulses
Aleksandrov I. A.1,2, Chubukov D. V.3,4, Rosanov N. N.2
1St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
2Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
3ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
4Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, Russia
Email: i.aleksandrov@spbu.ru
We consider the process of transition of a two-level system to the excited state with subsequent photon emission in the presence of a laser pulse with a high degree of unipolarity. Within the framework of quantum electrodynamics, we obtain analytical expressions for the differential probability of the process depending on the temporal scales of the problem: laser pulse duration, excited-state lifetime, inverse transition frequency, and inverse frequency of the photon emitted. Besides, we calculate the total absorption probability by integrating over the three-dimensional photon momentum and summing over polarizations. We compare the results obtained for unipolar and bipolar (many-cycle) pulses. Keywords: laser field, ultrashort pulses, two-level system, absorption, emission.
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