Study of aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles obtained by pulsed discharge in bidistilled water
Makarova S.V.1, Subbotin D.I. 1, Snetov V.N. 1, Popov V.E. 1, Pavlova E.A. 2, Kolikov V.A. 1
1Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
2Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), St. Petersburg, Russia
Email: makarovasvetlana98@mail.ru, subbotin1987@mail.ru, vsnetov@yandex.ru, ieeras@ieeras.ru, len-132@yandex.ru, kolikov1@yandex.ru

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Aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed electrical discharge synthesis in flowing bidistilled water using copper, silver, iron, and bimetallic (Cu/Ag, Cu/Fe, Ag/Fe) electrodes. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the electrode material determines the phase composition of the nanoparticles: copper and iron primarily form oxides (CuO, Fe3O4) with crystallite sizes of 9-10 nm, while silver predominantly forms a metallic phase (Ag, 20-72 nm). In bimetallic systems, composites containing both metallic and oxide phases of all components are formed. The ionic fraction in the dispersions was found to be no more than 5% for copper and up to 30% for silver, while the specific electrical conductivity of the dispersions (2.8-12.1 μS/cm) was close to that of bidistilled water. The observed differences are shown to be due to the different thermodynamic stability of the oxides, determined by the standard electrode potentials of the metals. The method allows for the targeted synthesis of nanocomposites with a predetermined phase composition without the use of chemical stabilizers. Keywords: Nanoparticles, pulsed electrical discharge, aqueous dispersions, phase composition, specific electrical conductivity.
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