First-principles calculation of atomic configurations in the vicinity of the boron atom in β-Ga2O3 irradiated with B+ ions
Okulich E. V. 1, Okulich V. I.1, Tetelbaum D. I.1
1Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Email: eokulich@nifti.unn.ru

PDF
First-principles computer simulation of the local atomic configurations forming in the vicinity of boron atoms embedded into β-Ga2O3 by ion irradiation has been performed. It was assumed that after the dynamic stage is completed, the boron atom either occupies one of the interstitial sites or substitutes a gallium atom (which then relocates to a neighbouring interstitial site), followed by structural relaxation. It has been shown that the changes in configurations caused by relaxation can mainly be explained by the chemical interaction between boron and oxygen atoms and the tendency to establish a B-O bond length close to the sum of the ionic (or atomic) radii of these elements. The obtained results can be used for further calculations of the electronic structure and other parameters of ion-implanted boron-doped β-Ga2O3, that is important for the development of next-generation semiconductor device technologies. Keywords: gallium oxide, ion implantation, boron ion doping, atomic structure, computer modeling.
  1. Y. Feng, H. Zhou, S. Alghamdi, H. Fang, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, G. Tian, S. Wasly, Z. Zheng, M. Xiang, Y. Hao, J. Zhang. IEEE, 72, 1528 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2025.3526118
  2. Y. Gao, A. Li, Q. Feng, Z. Hu, Z. Feng, K. Zhang, X. Lu, C. Zhang, H. Zhou, W. Mu, Z. Jia, J. Zhang, Y. Hao. NRL, 14, 8 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2849-y
  3. M. Higashiwaki, K. Sasaki, T. Kamimura, M.H. Wong, D. Krishnamurthy, A. Kuramata, T. Masui, S. Yamakoshi. APL, 103, 123511 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4821858
  4. R.H. Horng, A. Sood, S. Rana, N. Tumilty, F.G. Tarntair, C. Langpoklakpam, H.C. Kuo, J.P. Singh. MTA, 18, 100382 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2023.100382
  5. A.E. Islam, N.P. Sepelak, K.J. Liddy, R. Kahler, D.M. Dryden, J. Williams, H. Lee, K. Gann, A. Popp, K.D. Leedy, N.S. Hendricks, J.L. Brown, E.R. Heller, W. Wang, W. Zhu, M.O. Thompson, K.D. Chabak, A.J. Green. APL, 121, 243501 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0113744
  6. A. Nikolskaya, E. Okulich, D. Korolev, A. Stepanov, D. Nikolichev, A. Mikhaylov, D. Tetelbaum, A. Almaev, C.A. Bolzan, A. Buaczik, Jr., R. Giulian, P.L. Grande, A. Kumar, M. Kumar, D. Gogova. JVST, 39 (3), 030802 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000928
  7. A.A. Nikolskaya, D.S. Korolev, A.A. Revin, A.I. Belov, A.V. Kudrin, V.N. Trushin, A.V. Zdoroveyshchev, D.A. Zdoroveyshchev, A.N. Mikhailov, M.N. Drozdov, P.A. Yunin, E.V. Okulich, D.I. Tetelbaum. Book of abstracts 21st Int. Conf. on Defects in Insulating Materials (Astana, ICDIM, 2024) p. 43
  8. H. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Lv, S. Han, T. Han, S. Dun, H. Guo, A. Bu, Z. Feng. IEEEE, 44 (7), 1048 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2023.3279431
  9. P.G. Wenthold, J.B. Kim, K.L. Jonas, W.C. Lineberger. JPC, 101, 4472 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970645u
  10. W. Xu, L. Chen, S. Han, P. Cao, M. Fang, W. Liu, D. Zhu, Y. Lu. JPC, 124, 8015 (2020). https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c01281
  11. A.A. Nikolskaya, D.S. Korolev, V.N. Trushin, M.N. Drozdov, P.A. Yunin, E.A. Pitirimova, A.V. Kudrin, E.V. Okulich, V.I. Okulich, A.N. Mikhaylov, D.I. Tetelbaum. NIMB, 537, 65 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2023.01.014
  12. E. Zykova, A. Tatarintsev, A. Ieshkin, N. Orlikovskaya, A. Nikolskaya, D. Korolev, A. Revin, A. Konakov, D. Tetelbaum. JVSTA, 44, 023202 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004996
  13. P. Yunin, D. Tatarskiy, A. Nikolskaya, D. Korolev, A. Konakov, A. Nazarov, K. Matyunina, M. Drozdov, D. Tetelbaum. JAC, 59, 483 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600576726001019
  14. X. Liu, C. Sammarco, G. Zeng, D. Guo, W. Tang, C.K. Tan. APL, 117, 012104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0005808
  15. J. Zhu, Y. Pan, M. Wen, F. Yang. JAC, 1011, 178426 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.178426
  16. A. Nikolskaya, D. Korolev, P. Yunin, D. Tatarskiy, V. Trushin, K. Matyunina, M. Savushkina, A. Mikhaylov, M. Drozdov, A. Nazarov, A. Kudrin, A. Revin, A. Konakov, A. Stepanov, D. Tetelbaum. Vacuum, 235, 1141129 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114129
  17. https://www.quantum-espresso.org/
  18. A. Kyrtsos, M. Matsubara, E. Bellotti. PRB, 95, 245202 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.245202
  19. J.P. Perdew, K. Burke, M. Ernzerhof. PRL, 77 (18), 3865 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865
  20. J. Yang, Y. Jing, Z. Yang, J. Zhaoa, W. Lib, J. Yan, J. Yang, X. Li. RSC Advances, 15, 38260 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05380C
  21. Strukturnaya khimiya. Fakty i zavisimosti (M., Dialog-MGU, 2000) (in Russian)
  22. S. Geller. JCP, 33 (3), 676 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1731237
Publisher:

Ioffe Institute

Institute Officers:

Director: Sergei V. Ivanov

Contact us:

26 Polytekhnicheskaya, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
Fax: +7 (812) 297 1017
Phone: +7 (812) 297 2245
E-mail: post@mail.ioffe.ru